Definition
MBS smart energy manual's method: five-step DREAM (clear decision, thorough research, reliable design, rapid action, result consolidation) and three-state five questions—separate equipment into running/waiting/stopped states, ask five questions per state: demand, efficiency, supply-demand, flow, recovery, to get improvement list; mnemonic "3456" = three states, four-dimensional savings, five questions, six major systems. Not a DBS standard.
In detail
The five whys originate from ECRSI: demand asks whether it can be eliminated (equipment still running during shutdown, unoccupied lighting), efficiency asks about conversion efficiency (carbon-oxygen ratio in combustion, motor losses), supply-demand asks whether supply exceeds demand by multiples, flow asks whether energy is all used on the product (dryer heat also heats carriers and air), recovery asks whether waste heat can be reused. Energy maps are divided into two types: 'energy flow as the main body' and 'process flow as the main body', outputting equipment distribution, energy distribution, energy composition, and energy quantification.
Example in practice
Machine shop electricity meter data automatically classified into running/waiting/stopped states based on power thresholds; waiting state accounted for 35% and power was only 20% lower than running; first question pointed to automatic speed reduction during waiting, third question found pump nameplate power was three times actual demand; both items entered solution review, energy savings calculated per counterfactual definition on energy verification card.