Definition
Match power with duration in each operating state to analyze energy demand in relation to delivered service.
In detail
MBS energy teaching analyzes energy use by the three states of equipment running, waiting for material, and stopped (consistent with [[mbs-energy-three-states]] items; waiting for material is not the same as standby). The definition and measurement conditions of each state must be clear; energy is derived from the corresponding power and duration, and instantaneous current alone must not be compared. State changes may affect temperature, quality, safety, or restart losses, so identifying energy use with no output does not mean the equipment can be shut down directly; trials require clear guardrails and review.
Example in practice
A machine appears to have high standby power. The team records time in each state and checks temperature-holding and restart requirements before calculating testable opportunities. It does not replace every standby period with power-off without approval.